Latifa Jamai
The cost of saccharine and starchy biomasses represents approximately 60% of the cost of producing first generation bioethanol. Inputs, seeds, crop irrigation and crop transportation are important energy factors to consider. In order to find alternative substrates to costly and food competing biomasses, we explored an agro-biological resource that is drought resistant and tolerant to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions: Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica).This work aims to optimize the production of first generation bioethanol by Kluyveromyces marxianus YMEK23, a thermoresistant yeast strain, from prickly pear juice; a substrate rich in sugars (98g L-1). The use of a Box-Behnken experimental design showed that the fermentation temperature and the medium pH are the main parameters influencing ethanol production. The impact of these factors was modeled in a second-degree polynomial equation. The results showed that the maximum amount of ethanol produced is 41 g L-1 obtained at 37°C and at pH of 5.
However, supplementing nitrogen has a limited impact on ethanol production.
The kinetics of batch fermentation under optimum conditions, showed a very active fermentation metabolism of K. marxianus on this substrate, translated by an early and exponential production of ethanol as well as a rapid consumption of sugars. The maximum amount of ethanol (41 g L-1) was reached after 16 hours of fermentation only.
The high yield of ethanol obtained 0.43 g g-1 make prickly pear biomass an attractive and economical substrate for the production of bioethanol compared with the conventional substrates currently used by the biofuel industry.