Ryspek Usubamatov
More than two-century gyroscopic effects were presented analytically by the simplified models that did not match with practical results. The mathematician L. Euler described only one component of gyroscopic effects that is the change in the angular momentum. Other outstanding and ordinary scientists represented only some assumptions for gyroscopic properties. This is an unusual phenomenon in the physics of classical mechanics that can solve more complex problems than to compute forces acting on the simple spinning disc and its motions. The physics of the gyroscopic effects are more complex in mathematical models than represented in known theories. This problem solved by a new method based on the action of the system of inertial torques acting on the spinning objects that are produced by rotating mass. The action of nine interrelated inertial torques on spinning objects around three axes manifests all gyroscopic effects. Inertial torques are generated by the centrifugal, common inertial, Coriolis forces of the rotating mass, as well as the change in the angular momentum. This torques represents the fundamental principles of the gyroscope theory. Gyroscopic effects are described by mathematical models of the inertial torques and explained their physics based on the potential and kinetic energy conservation law. Mathematical models for the gyroscopic effects are validated by practical tests. The new solution is represented as the breakthrough gyroscope theory. All problems of mechanical gyroscopes are resolved and closed the unresolved problem in classical mechanics. Keywords. Inertial torques, gyroscope theory, mathematical model.